Contraception and birth control options

Contraception methods vary in how they work, how effective they are, and how much they require you to do. Short-acting methods include condoms, diaphragms, spermicide, and birth control pills. Medium-acting options include the patch, ring, and injections. Long-acting reversible contraception includes intrauterine devices (IUDs) and implants, which can last several years. Condoms are the only method that protects against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. They work by preventing sperm from reaching an egg and by creating a barrier against infections. Other methods prevent pregnancy but do not protect against STIs, so condoms can be used in addition to other methods for protection. Hormonal methods like birth control pills, patches, and rings contain hormones that prevent ovulation or thicken cervical mucus to prevent sperm from meeting an egg. Long-acting methods like IUDs and implants also use hormones or create a physical barrier in the uterus. These methods are highly effective when used correctly. Choosing a contraceptive method depends on your health history, how often you have sex, whether you want long-term or short-term protection, and your personal preferences about side effects or maintenance. There is no single best option for everyone. An affirming healthcare provider can review your options without judgment and help you find what works best for your life.